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Σάββατο 14 Ιανουαρίου 2017
THE LORD OF LIFE THE JESUS PRAYER THE COMPLETE METHOD OF SAYING THE JESUS PRAYER BY ARCHIMENDRITE ELDER SOPHRONY OF ESSEX, ENGLAND
Dear People,
The
following article is about the Jesus Prayer as practiced throughout the Eastern
Orthodox Christian Church. In this case,
it is the Monastery of St. John the Baptist Monastery in Essex, England. The Elder Sophrony founded the Monastery in
1958 under the jurisdiction of Metropolitan Anthony, Metropolitan of Sourozh
and the ruling Russian Orthodox Bishop of England. At the founding of the Monastery there were
six monastics from a number of different countries. In 1965 the Monastery moved under the direct
jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
When
he established the Monastery, Elder Sophrony wanted to be sure that his
community would not just have an outward conformity of monasticism, but have
its focus on inner ascetism. He
introduced the typikon (rule of prayer) of the Monastery which consisted of the
Jesus Prayer for approximately four hours a day and the Divine Liturgy was
celebrated three to four times a week.
Elder Sophrony found inspiration for this rule of prayer from his own life
experience as a monk on Mount Athos. We
must remember that his spiritual father on Mount Athos was Saint Silouan, the
Athonite, at the huge Russian Orthodox Monastery of St. Panteleimon on the Holy
Mountain.
The
following article was written by the Elder Sophrony in order to instruct his
spiritual children the proper way to use the Prayer of the Heart in order to
experience the Uncreated Light of God. I found the article by chance on the internet
and was taken by the unique understanding the Elder has about his approach to
Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. The
article needs to be read with great care in order to comprehend the profound
universal spiritual implications that he is trying to help us understand. We should never forget that to know Christ
one must experience Christ face to Face.
He has experienced this and he knows what he is talking about. We should also be aware that Elder Sophrony
is a contemporary of Saints Porphyrios and Paisius. I pray that this will be of
great spiritual benefit to your prayer lives.
I have no doubt that Elder Sophrony will also soon be declared a Saint
of the Holy Orthodox Church.
Compiled and edited by:
+Fr. Costas J. Simones, Waterford, CT, USA,
January 10, 2017
THE
LORD OF LIFE
THE
JESUS PRAYER
THE
COMPLETE METHOD OF SAYING THE JESUS PRAYER
BY
ARCHIMENDRITE ELDER SOPHRONY OF ESSEX, ENGLAND
I
propose to devote this chapter to setting out as briefly as possible the more
important aspects of the Jesus Prayer and the commonsense views regarding this
great culture of the heart that I met with on the Holy Mountain. Year after year the monks repeat the prayer
with their lips, without trying by any artificial means to join mind and
heart. Their attention is concentrated
on harmonizing their life with the commandments of Christ. According to ancient tradition mind unites
with the heart through Divine action when the monk continues in the ascetic struggle
of obedience and abstinence; when the mind, the heart and the very body of the
old man, to a sufficient degree, are freed from the dominion of sin over them;
when the body becomes worthy to be the temple of the Holy Spirit (Romans
6:11-14). However, early and present--day teachers occasionally permit recourse
to a technical method of bringing the mind down into the heart.
To
do this, the monk, having suitably settled his body, pronounces the prayer with
his head inclined on his chest, breathing in at the words 'Lord Jesus Christ,
(Son of God)' and breathing out to the words 'have mercy upon me (a
sinner)'. During inhalation the attention
at first follows the movement of the air breathed in as far as the upper part
of the heart. In this manner
concentration can soon be preserved without wandering, and the mind stands side
by side with the heart, or even enters within it.
This
method eventually enables the mind to see, not the physical heart but that
which is happening within it--the feelings that creep in and the mental images
that approach from without. With this
experience, the monk acquires the ability to feel his heart and to continue
with his attention centered in the heart without further recourse to any psychosomatic
technique.
TRUE
PRAYER COMES THROUGH
FAITH
AND REPENTANCE
This
procedure can assist the beginner to understand where his inner attention
should be centered during concentrated prayer and, as a rule, at all other
times too. Nevertheless true prayer is
not to be achieved in this way. True
prayer comes exclusively through faith and repentance accepted as the only
foundation. The danger of psycho techniques
is that not a few attribute too great a significance to this method as the method.
In
order to avoid such distortion the beginner should follow another practice
which, though considerably slower, is incomparably better and more wholesome to
fix one’s attention on the Name of
Christ and on the words of the prayer.
When contrition for sin reaches a certain level the mind naturally listens
to the heart.
THE
COMPLETE FORMULA
The
complete formula for the Jesus Prayer runs like this: "Lord, Jesus Christ, Son of God, have
mercy upon me, a sinner." And it is
in this set form that it is recommended.
In the first half of the prayer we profess Christ-God made flesh for our
salvation. In the second half we affirm
our fallen state, our sinfulness, our redemption. The conjunction of dogmatic confession with
repentance makes the content of the prayer more comprehensive.
STAGES
OF DEVELOPMENT
It
is possible to establish a certain sequence in the development of this
prayer. First, it is a verbal matter; we
say the prayer with our lips while trying to concentrate our attention on the
Name of Jesus and the words.
Next,
we no longer move our lips but pronounce the Name of Jesus Christ, and what
follows after, in our minds, mentally.
In
the third stage mind and heart combine to act together; the attention of the
mind is centered in the heart and the prayer said there.
Fourthly,
the prayer becomes self-propelling. This
happens when the prayer is confirmed in the heart and, with no special effort
on our part, continues there, where the mind is concentrated.
Finally,
the prayer, so full of blessing, starts to act like a gentle flame within us,
as inspiration from on High, the heart rejoicing with a sense of divine love
and delighting the mind in spiritual contemplation. This last state is sometimes accompanied by a
vision of Light.
GO
STEP BY STEP
A
gradual ascent into prayer is the most trustworthy. The beginner who would embark on the struggle
is usually recommended to start with the first step, verbal prayer, until body,
tongue, brain and heart assimilate it.
The time that this takes varies.
The more earnest is the repentance, the shorter the road.
The
practice of mental prayer may for a while be associated with the hesychastic
(quietness) method--in other words, it may take the form of rhythmic or a
rhythmic articulation of the prayer as described above, by breathing in during
the first half and breathing out during the second part. This can be genuinely
helpful if one does not lose sight of the fact that every invocation of the
Name of Jesus Christ must be inseparably coupled with a consciousness of Christ
Himself. The Name must not be detached
from the person of God, lest prayer be reduced to a technical exercise and so
contravene the commandment,' Thou shall
not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain.'
(Ex. 20:7); Deut. 5:11)
GAINED
ATTENTION OF MIND
When
the attention of the mind is fixed in the heart it is possible to control what
happens in the heart, and the battle against the passions assumes a rational
character. The enemy is recognized and can be driven off by the power of the Name
of Christ. With this ascetic effort the
heart becomes so highly sensitive, so discerning, that eventually when praying
for anyone the heart can tell almost at once the state of the person prayed
for. Thus the transition takes place
from mental prayer to the prayer of the mind and heart which may be followed by
the gift of prayer continuing on its own.
DO
NOT HURRY
We
try to stand before God with the whole of our being. The invocation of the Name of God the Savior,
uttered in the fear of God, together with a constant effort to live in
accordance with the commandments, little by little leads to a blessed fusion of
all our powers. We must never seek to
hurry in our ascetic striving. It is
essential to discard any idea of achieving the maximum in the shortest possible
time. God does not force us but neither
can we compel Him to do anything whatsoever.
Results obtained by artificial means do not last long and more
importantly, do not unite our spirit with the Spirit of the Living God.
IT’S
A LONG PATH
In
the atmosphere of the world today prayer requires super human courage. The assembly of natural energies is in
opposition to us. To hold onto prayer without distraction, signals victory on
every level of existence. The way is
long and thorny but there comes a moment when a heavenly ray pierces the dark
obscurity to make an opening through which can be glimpsed the source of the
Eternal Divine Light. The Jesus Prayer
assumes a meta-cosmic dimension. St.
John the Divine asserts that in the world to come our deification will achieve fullness
since we shall see Him as He is. And
every man that hath this hope in him purifies himself, even as he is pure. Whosoever abides in him sins not: whosoever
sins hath not seen him, neither known him. (1 John 3: 2,3,6) In order to receive forgiveness in Christ's
Name, to receive forgiveness of sins and the promise of the Father we must
strive to dwell on His Name until we be endued with power from on high. (Luke
24:39) “Behold My hands and My feet, that it is I Myself. Handle Me and see, for a spirit does not have
flesh and bones as you see I have.” (Luke 24:39)
In
advising against being carried away by artificial practices such as
transcendental meditation, I am but repeating that age-old message of the
Church, as expressed by St. Paul: "Exercise
thyself rather unto godliness. For
bodily exercise profits little; but godliness is profitable unto all things,
having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come. This is a faithful saying and worthy of all
acceptance. For to this end we both
labor and suffer reproach, because we trust in the Living God, who is the
Savior of all men. “
(1 Tim. 4:8-10).
IT’S
NOT LIKE TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION
The way of the Fathers
requires firm faith and long patience, whereas our contemporaries want to seize
every spiritual gift, including even direct contemplation of the Absolute God,
by force and speedily, and will often draw a parallel between prayer in the
Name of Jesus and yoga or transcendental meditation and the like. I must stress the danger of such errors--the
danger of looking upon prayer as one of the simplest and easiest technical
means leading to immediate unity with God. It is imperative to draw a very
definite line between the Jesus Prayer and every other ascetic theory.
He is deluded who endeavors to divest himself
mentally of all that is transitory and relative in order to cross some
invisible threshold, to realize his eternal origin, his identity with the
Source of all that exists; in order to return and merge with Him, the Nameless
transpersonal Absolute. Such exercises
have enabled many to rise to supra--rational contemplation of being; to
experience a certain mystical trepidation; to know the state of silence of the
mind, when mind goes beyond the boundaries of time and space.
In
such-like states man may feel the peacefulness of being withdrawn from the
continually changing phenomena of the visible world; may even have a certain
experience of eternity. But the God of
Truth, the Living God, is not in all this.
It is man's own beauty, created in the image of God that is contemplated
and seen as Divinity, whereas he himself still continues with the confines of
his creatureliness. This is a vastly
important concern.
The
tragedy of the matter lies in the fact that man sees a mirage which, in his
longing for eternal life, he mistakes for a genuine oasis. The impersonal form of ascetics leads finally
to an assertion of divine principle in the very nature of man. Man is then drawn to the idea of
self-deification--the cause of the original fall. The man who is blinded by the imaginary
majesty of what he contemplates has in fact set his foot on the path to
self-destruction. He has discarded the revelation of a Personal God.
He
finds the principle of the Person--Hypostasis a limiting one, unworthy of the
Absolute. He tries to strip himself of
like limitations and return to the state which he imagines has belonged to him
since before his coming into this world. This movement into the depths of his own being
is nothing else but attraction towards the non-being from which we were called
by the will of the Creator.
KNOWLEDGE
OF A PERSONAL GOD
The
true Creator disclosed Himself to us as Personal Absolute. The whole of our
Christian life is based on knowledge of God, the First and the Last, Who’s Name
is I AM. Our prayer must always be
personal, face to Face. He created us to
be joined in His Divine Being, without destroying our personal character. It is this form of immortality that was
promised to us by Christ. Like St. Paul: “For
we who are in this tent groan, being burdened, not because we want to be
unclothed, but further clothed that mortality might be swallowed up by
life. For this did God create us and
hath given unto us the earnest of the Spirit.” (2 Cor. 5:4,5)
Personal
immortality is achieved through victory over the world--a mighty task. The Lord said, “Be of good cheer; I have overcome the world” (John 10:3-3), and
we know that the victory was not an easy one.
“Beware of false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing; for wide
is the gate, and broad is the way, that leads to destruction, and many there be
which go in there at: Because narrow is
the gate, and difficult which leads to life, and there are few that find it.” (Matt. 7:13-15).
WHEREIN
LAYS DESTRUCTION?
IN
THAT PEOPLE DEPART FROM THE LIVING GOD
To
believe in Christ one must have either the simplicity of little children—“Assuredly
I say to you, unless you are converted
and become as little children, you will be by no means enter the Kingdom of
Heaven' (Matt. 18:3)- or else,
like St. Paul, be fools for Christ's sake.’
"We are fools for Christ's
sake but you wise in Christ. We are weak, but you are strong. You are distinguished
but we are dishonored. We have been made
as the filth of the world, the off scouring of all things until now” (1 Cor. 4: 10-13). “However, other foundation can no man lay
than that is laid, which is Jesus
Christ”' (1Cor. 4:16). In the Christian experience cosmic consciousness
comes from prayer like Christ's Gethsemane prayer, not as the result of
abstract philosophical thinking.
When
the Very God reveals Himself in a vision of Uncreated Light, man naturally
loses every desire to merge into a transpersonal Absolute. Knowledge which is imbued with life (as
opposed to abstract knowledge) can in no wise be confined to the intellect: there
must be a real union with the Act of Being.
This is achieved through LOVE: 'Thou shall love the Lord thy God with all they heart and with all they
mind' (Matt. 22:37). This
commandment bids us to love. Therefore
love is not something given to us: it must be acquired by an effort made of our
own free will. The injunction is
addressed first to the heart as the spiritual center of the individual. Mind is only one of the energies of the human
being. Love begins in the heart, and the mind is confronted with a new interior
event and contemplates Being in the Light of Divine Love.
DIFFICULT
TASK
There
is no ascetic task that is more difficult, more painful, than the effort to
draw close to God, Who Loves (1 John 4;8,16).
Our inner climate varies almost from day to day: now we are troubled
because we do not understand what is happening to us; and now we are inspired
by a new flash of knowledge. The Name
Jesus speaks to us of the extreme manifestation of the Father's LOVE for us
(John 3:16). In proportion, as the image
of Christ becomes ever more sacred to us, and His Word is perceived as creative
energy, so a marvelous peace floods the soul while a luminous aura that envelops
heart and mind. Our attention may hold
steady. Sometimes we continue thus, as
if it were a perfectly normal state to be in, not recognizing that it is a gift
from on High. For the most part, we only
realize this union of mind with heart when it is interrupted.
In
the Man Christ Jesus “dwells all the
fullness of the Godhead bodily' (Col. 2:9). In Him there is not only God
but the whole human race. When we
pronounce the Name Jesus Christ we place ourselves before the fullness of both
Divine Being and created being. We long
to make His life our life; to have Him take His abode in us. In this lies the
meaning of deification. But Adam's natural longing for deification at the very
outset took a wrong turn which led to a terrible deviation. His spiritual vision was insufficiently
established in Truth.
Our
life can become holy in all respects only when true knowledge of its
metaphysical basis is coupled with perfect LOVE towards God and our fellow man.
When we finally believe that we are the creation of God the Primordial Being,
it will be obvious that there is no possible deification for us outside the
Trinity. If we recognize that in its
ontology all human nature is one, then for the sake of the unity of this nature
we shall strive to make LOVE for our neighbor part of our being.
Our
greatest enemy is pride. Its power is
immense. Pride saps our every aspiration
and hinders our every endeavor. Most of
us fall prey to its insinuations. The
proud man wants to dominate, to impose his own will on others; and so conflict
arises between brethren. The pyramid of
inequality is contrary to revelations concerning the Holy Trinity in whom there
is no greater, no lesser; where each Person possesses the absolute fullness of
Diving Being.
The
Kingdom of Heaven is founded on the principle that whosoever would be first
should be the servant of all (Mark 9:35).
The man who humbles himself shall be raised up, and vice versa: he who
exalts himself shall be brought low. In
our struggle for prayer we shall cleanse our minds and hearts from any urge to
prevail over our brother. Lust for
power is death to the soul. People are
lured by the grandeur of power but they forget “that which is highly esteemed among men is an abomination in the sight
of God.' (Matt. 16:15).
Pride
incites us to criticize, even scorn our weaker brethren; but the Lord warned us
to “take heed that we despise not one of
these little ones.” If we give in to
pride all our practice of the Jesus Prayer will be but a profanity of His Name.
“He who says he abides in Him ought himself also to walk just as He walked (1
John 2:6). He who verily loves
Christ will devote his whole strength to obeying His Word. I stress this because it is our actual method
for learning to pray. This, and not any
psychosomatic technique, is the right way.
NOT
CHRISTIAN YOGA
I
have lingered on the dogmatic justification for the Jesus Prayer largely
because in the last decade or so the practice of this prayer has been distorted
into a so-called Christian yoga and mistaken for transcendental
meditation. Every culture, not only every
religious culture, is concerned with ascetic exercises. If a certain similarity either in their
practice or their outward manifestations, or even their mystical formulation,
can be discerned, that does not at all imply that they are alike
fundamentally. Outwardly similar
situations can be vastly different in inner content.
When
we contemplate Divine Wisdom in the beauty of the created world, we are at the
same time attracted still more strongly by the imperishable beauty of Divine
Being as revealed to us by Christ. The
Gospel for us is Divine Self-Revelation.
In our yearning to make the Gospel Word the substance of our whole being
we free ourselves by the power of God from the domination of passions. Jesus is the One and only Savior in the true
sense of the word. Christian prayer is
effected by the constant invocation of His Name: Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the Living God, have mercy upon us and upon
Thy world.
Though
prayer in the Name of Jesus in its ultimate realization unites man with Christ
fully, the human dimension is not obliterated, is not lost in Divine Being like
a drop of water in the ocean. “I am the
Light of the world. I am the truth and the life' (John 8:13; 14:6). For the Christian--Being, Truth, and 'Life
are not what, but who. Where there is no
personal form of being, there is no living form either. Where in general there is no life, neither is
there good or evil; light or darkness. All
things were made through Him, and without Him nothing was made that was
made. In Him was life. (John1:3)
When contemplation of the Uncreated Light is
allied to the invocation of the Name of Christ, the significance of this Name
as the Kingdom of God comes with power (Mark 9:1) is made particularly clear,
and the spirit of man hears the voice of the Father: This is my beloved Son
(Mark 9:7). Christ in Himself showed us
the Father: he that hath seen me hath
seen the Father (John 14:9). Now we know
the Father in the same measure as we have known the Son. I and my Father are one (John 10:30). And the Father bears witness to His Son. We therefore pray O Son of God, save us and
Thy world.
To
acquire prayer is to acquire eternity.
When the body lies dying, the cry Jesus Christ becomes the garment of
the soul; when the pain no longer functions and other prayers are difficult to
remember, in the light of the divine knowledge that proceeds from the Name our
spirit will rise incorruptibly into eternal life.
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